Centrifuge time should be calculated after centrifuge reaches full speed. Formol ether concentration method in the diagnosis of active schistosoma mansoni in patients with detectable iha. The most common intestinal nematodes of dogs are toxocara canis, hookworm and trichuris vulpis. Prevalence of human intestinal helminth parasites among. Accuracy of the katokatz method and formalinether concentration technique for the. The study showed that infections were more prevalent among males. Stool specimens were collected and examined using formol ether concentration technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics sensitivity and negative predictive value npv of wet mount, formol ether concentration fec, and katokatz techniques for the determination of intestinal parasitic infections. Short report open access cryptosporidium and strongyloides.
Formalinether sedimentation concentration definition of. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk. The modified ridleyallen formolether concentration technique is the method of choice for routine use by most clinical laboratories and is the method on which most commercial kits are based. Further observations on the formolether concentration technique for faecal parasites. Allen and others published further observations on the formol ether concentration technique for faecal parasites. Laboratory stack technical laboratory procedure guides for clinical laboratory scientists and students including the latest technology and innovations in laboratory science.
Accuracy of the katokatz method and formalinether concentration. Formal ether sedimentation stool concentration technique. Stool sample was collected and processed using direct wet mount, formolether concentration technique and modified ziehlneelson staining techniques. The highest prevalence of infections was recorded among the age group of 19 22 years 21% in both sexes, and least infection rate in the age group of 27 30. Methods 23 preserved and 11 fresh faecal samples were microscopically examined for the presence of parasites using the midi parasep concentrator with ethyl acetate centrifuged for 1. Pdf a modified formalinether concentration technique. This six minute video presents the formolether concentration technique used to examine fecal parasites.
In one direct comparative study formol ether showed a significantly improved sensitivity for ascaris, hookworm and trichuris 58. Soil transmitted helminthiasis and associated risk factors. Such techniques not only increase the number of parasites in the sediment but also unmask them, making them more visible by removing organic and inorganic debris 10. The use of ether has since been substituted with ethylacetate, without any change in sensitivity erdman, 1981, to become the fea concentration technique used in this study. Time delays between patient and laboratory selectively. In such cases, the use of concentration techniques increases the chances of detecting parasitic organisms, thus increasing the sensitivity of copromicroscopic techniques. Sedimentation techniques use solutions of lower specific gravity than the parasitic organisms, thus concentrating the latter in the sediment.
Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration. Pdf we compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalinether concentration technique mfect. This technique is one technique which economical, simple, and increase the number of discovery of intestinal parasites due separate d ebris from the feces. Evaluation of the formalintween concentration technique. Comparison of staining and concentration techniques for. Miniflotac, a new tool for copromicroscopic diagnosis of. Pdf comparison of the katokatz, wet mount, and formol. Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of 4 methods for.
Under diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in a referral. Vernier measurements should be taken if an unusual parasite is identified or if a confirmation is required. Comparing the efficiency of four diagnostic concentration techniques. Prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasites infections. The present study was aimed to validate a new copromicroscopic technique, the miniflotac and to compare its diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity with four other copromicroscopic techniques. Oct 10, 2017 the formol ether concentration technique is widely used technique to recover helminths eggs. Aim to compare the recovery of parasites in faecal samples using the midi parasep with ethyl acetate and midi parasep solvent free sf faecal parasite concentrators. Determinant factors of anaemia among pregnant women attending. Comparison between the midi parasep and midi parasep solvent. Four layers formed after the second centrifugation of the fact improved diagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigenbased. A total of 346 municipality solidwaste workers mswws was interviewed using an indepth questionnaire.
Mix the contents of the vial by shaking vigorously or vortexing for 30 seconds. Results were shown in tables, percent and prevalence rates. Formol ether concentration technique was used to analyze the stool samples. Ftc techniques are available, formalinether concentration fec technique is. Additionally, we included another flotation method, namely, the saltsugar flotation ssf technique as an alternative to fea.
Using a stick, an estimated 1 g peasize of representative faeces was emulsified in about 4 ml of 10% formol water contained in a screwcap tube. This shows that the contribution of positive diagnosis to the domain of positives by at least one of the three techniques was significantly higher by the wateremergence technique compared with the direct saline mount p 0. Coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites, and its. Institution based crosssectional study design was used. This technique increased the sensitivity of study by diagnosing 78 cases of parasitism compared to direct examination and formol ether concentration. The most widely used approach is the katokatz technique, which is also recommended by the world health organization. The type of parasitic infections among waste handlers was determined using formolether concentration and modified ziehlneelsen technique. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of anemia in. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of control and treatment efficacy is usually determined by microscopic examination of fecal samples. Modified formalinether concentration technique for diagnosis. A sieve was used to filter the sample into a centrifuge tube and 3 ml of diethyl ether added and shaken vigorously. Comparison of the katokatz, wet mount, and formolether. Modified formalinether concentration technique for.
Comparison of the flotac400 dual technique and the formalin. The incidence, intensity and host morbidity of human. Formol ether concentration technique for diagnosing intestinal parasites a small stool sample 0. The modified ridleyallen formol ether concentration technique is the method of choice for routine use by most clinical laboratories and is the method on which most commercial kits are based. The sediment was used for the parasitic examination.
Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of active schistosoma mansoni in patients with detectable iha. The patient was a 26 yearold female from rural area of babol, caspian sea littoral, with complaints of abdominal discomfort. Med students for parasitology activity about stool examination to detection parasite in the sample well leave you to watch it, enjoy. Four layers formed after the second centrifugation of the fact improved diagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis. Performance evaluation of direct saline stool microscopy, formol. It is performed in order to separate the parasites from fecal debris. A case of isospora hominis infection was revealed by stool examination using formol ether concentration technique. Prevalence estimates of the two diagnostic methods revealed the distinctive superiority of formol ether concentration technique over direct smear p formol ether concentration and direct smear methods respectively. The most effective method of coprodetection of strongyloides stercoralis larvae is the agar plate culture apc method as it is 1.
Most types of worm eggs including schistosomes eggs can be recovered by formol ether concentration technique. Current status of intestinal parasitic infections and. This procedure entails filtration of a faecal suspension in 10% formalin in water, solvent extraction of debris and fat, followed by centrifugation. Intestinal parasites still pose major public health problems in developing countries like ethiopia. Further observations on the formol ether concentration technique for faecal parasites. The faecal concentration method used in the department of clinical parasitology, hospital for tropical diseases, is the midi parasep, which is an enclosed, singleuse disposable system based on the modified ridleyallen2 concentration technique. Although several diagnostic methods such as formalinacetone concentration. Principle of formal ether formalinethyl aceatate sedimentation technique. The most commonly used fixatives for stool preservation are either formalin or sodium acetateacetic acidformalin saf 3, 24, 40. Therefore the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among students at birbir town, southern ethiopia.
Therefore, the employment of fec techniques as a confirmatory test in routine laboratory examination of stool will significantly aid in accurate determination and management of parasitic infections 7. Formalin ether concentration technique is a method use to concentrate parasitic elements through sedimentation to enhance recovery. The number of parasitic forms of both protozoan andor helminthic parasites in fecal specimens is often too low to be observed microscopically in direct wet mounts or in stained smear preparation. Diethyl ether commercial product, pml 10% neutral buffered formalin ph 7. Risk factors associated with parasitic infection among. Local epidemiological data is indispensable in order to design and monitor prevention and control strategies.
A prevalence survey of enteral parasites in preschool. Comparison of sucrose flotation, zinc sulphate znso 4 flotation and formol ether fe sedimentation techniques revealed that fe was the most effecient of the three p concentration of c. Miranda questions for research update brief summary draw and label. Evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal.
Giemsastained blood film was examined to detect malaria parasites, while the formolether concentration technique was used to detect intestinal parasitic infections ipis. The formolether concentration fec technique ridley and hawgood, 1956 is also widely used and has the advantages of fixing the parasites, thus rendering the samples noninfectious, as well as preserving many types of cysts, which the kk technique does not cheesbrough, 2005. Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of active. Teknik konsentrasi formol eter untuk mendiagnosa parasit. Direct wet smear using physiological saline and lugols iodine was done. This method increases the sensivity as compare to direct wet mount with dobell iodine or normal saline.
Jul 27, 2015 this technique increased the sensitivity of study by diagnosing 78 cases of parasitism compared to direct examination and formol ether concentration. Stool samples were examined using formol ether concentration and katokatz thick smear techniques. However, a range of methods, including direct microscopy, formolether concentration fec, mcmaster, flotac, and miniflotac, are. Pdf a modified formalinether concentration technique for. Katokatz is the method favoured by the who in prevalence studies, however formol ether concentration holds up well against kato katz in previous analysis 20, 21. Article information, pdf download for performance evaluation of direct saline. An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examination.
A statistically significant difference between the two methods was noticed in the detection of ascaris lumbricoides, endolimax nana and blastocystis hominis p 0. Mix a small portion of the stool, about the size of a marble, in 10 ml 5% 10% formalin or saline in a flatbottomed waxed paper cup, carton, or 16x 125 mm test tube. To compare the diagnostic yield of saline and iodine wet mount preparation with sedimentation techniques formolether concentration technique fect with physiological saline and modified formolether concentration technique with 1%potassium hydroxide of fresh stool sample for diagnosis of human parasitic infections. A total of 280 stool samples were collected and only 5% of the patients were positive for ova of schistosoma mansoni in the routine direct wet mount microscopy. Pdf formalinether sedimentation mgl is a wellknown technique for the examination of faeces for parasites, but some recent reports have indicated. A modified formalin ether concentration technique for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis article pdf available in the korean journal of parasitology 516. Comparison of katokatz and formolether concentration. Formalin ether concentration technique laboratory stack. According to ritchie 1948, the recovery efficiency of the mgl technique for. Laboratory procedures for stool examination laboratory. The formalin ether concentration technique fect is a widely used sedimentation technique for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in preserved stool samples.
Oct 29, 20 clonorchiasis is a chronic neglected disease caused by a liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis. There is a need for accurate diagnosis of intestinal parasite infections in humans, but currently available copromicroscopic techniques have shortcomings, such as low sensitivity. Strongyloides stercoralis, formalin ether concentration technique, agar plate culture, feces, diagnosis in tropical and subtropical areas, strongyloidiasis is a widespread human parasitic disease that can be lifethreatening to immunocompromised hosts as well as patients undergoing corticosteroid treatment or chemotherapy 1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics sensitivity and negative predictive value npv of wet mount, formolether concentration fec, and katokatz techniques for the determination of intestinal parasitic infections.
Clonorchiasis is a chronic neglected disease caused by a liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis. Jul 17, 2019 anaemia is a low blood haemoglobin concentration and has been shown to be a public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries. Teknik konsentrasi formol eter untuk mendiagnosa parasit usus. Jcdr concentration techniques, simple salt floatation.
With the 50 ml centrifuge vial still loosely attached to the filter unit loose attachment will facilitate the release of air pressure during use, insert the open en d of the filter unit into the specimen vial until the. Miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for intestinal parasitic infections. Pdf miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique. Under diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in a. A total of 272 6 from each group study subjects were selected by using systematic random sampling.
Infection with sth can be readily diagnosed by detection of helminth eggs in stool samples using microscopic techniques. Pdf evaluation and modification of the formalinether. Further observations on the formolether concentration. Portion of the stool samples were processed by formolether sedimentation concentration technique, and examined microscopically following standard procedure. Miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for. Participants were febrile children who were admitted to the muyuka district hospital between april and.
A total of 354 faecal specimens were collected from students in northwest ethiopia and screened with katokatz. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the katokatz method and the formalinether concentration technique fect for c. Poor concentration technique leads to poor recovery of parasites. Fecal debris is extracted into the ether phase so that the parasitic forms can be separated and then sedimented by centrifugation. Oct 11, 2019 katokatz is the method favoured by the who in prevalence studies, however formol ether concentration holds up well against kato katz in previous analysis 20, 21. Comparison between the midi parasep and midi parasep. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites, as well as to determine its association with anaemia in children aged 10 years and below in muyuka, cameroon.
Diagnostic performance of direct wet mount microscopy in. The pearsons chisquare, students ttest and correlation analysis were all performed as part of the statistical analyses. The technique recommended for the qualitative diagnosis of intestinal parasites both helminths and intestinal protozoa is the formolether concentration method fecm, performed on three different samples, but the direct fecal smear on a single sample is used as diagnostic method more often in resourceconstrained settings. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of a further modified version of the recently developed flotac technique with that of the widely used formalinether concentration technique fect for. Pregnant women are the most vulnerable groups to anaemia due to several factors, including parasitic infection and feeding habits during their pregnancy. Jun 11, 2019 this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of parasitic infections among patients. Different studies showed that formolether concentration technique fec is more sensitive than the conventional direct wet mount microscopy. The formolether concentration technique is widely used technique to recover helminths eggs. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration of.
Formolether concentration technique was used to analyze the stool samples. Fecal parasite examination the formolether concentration multi. However, direct wet mount, formol ether concentration fec and kato katz techniques have been used as a means of diagnosis for several. Formaldehyde commercial product 1200mls na2hpo4 10. Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of.
The comparison of parasites detected by using the formalinether fe and formalintween ft concentration technique are shown in table 1. This method uses ethyl acetate and triton x as an extractor of fat and debris from faeces, and. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the katokatz method and the formalin ether concentration technique fect for c. Strongyloides stercoralis, formalinether concentration technique, agar plate culture, feces, diagnosis. The technique recommended for the qualitative diagnosis of intestinal parasites both helminths and intestinal protozoa is the formol ether concentration method fecm, performed on three different samples, but the direct fecal smear on a single sample is used as diagnostic method more often in resourceconstrained settings. The formol ether concentration technique used can identify a variety of parasite oocysts, cysts, helminth eggs and larvae, and the formalin can kill organisms to reduce the risk of laboratory.